伊顿健康导读
哮喘、慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)、慢阻肺(COPD)这三类慢性呼吸道疾病,常以反复症状、肺功能下降影响生活质量。2025年美国胸科学会(ATS)年会上,特泽利尤单抗带来的新研究成果,为这些疾病治疗提供了新方向。
特泽利尤单抗是首个靶向胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)的抗体,TSLP是气道炎症通路上游靶点,阻断它可从源头广泛抑制炎症,这也是其能作用于多种呼吸道疾病的关键。
一、先看哮喘:从减少急性发作到激素减量,多方面带来改善
哮喘患者最担心急性发作,感染、空气污染等多种诱因都可能触发。针对中、韩、菲患者的DIRECTION研究显示,特泽利尤单抗能让重度未控制哮喘患者52周急性发作风险大幅下降74%,且对各类诱因引发的发作均有抑制作用。

同时,特泽利尤单抗还能改善肺功能和生活质量。美国真实世界PASSAGE研究中期结果显示,重度哮喘患者接受治疗后,急性发作风险总体降低76%,不同类型哮喘患者及青少年、合并轻中度慢阻肺等特殊人群均能获益。
肺功能方面,治疗24周即可见明显提升,基线肺功能较差的患者改善更显著;超过6成患者的哮喘控制及生活质量评分有临床意义的改善。
对于长期依赖口服糖皮质激素(OCS)的重度哮喘患者,WAYFINDER研究显示,治疗52周后,89.9%的患者可将每日OCS剂量降至5mg以下,50.3%能完全停用,且能维持哮喘控制,为减少激素依赖提供了新可能。
二、兼顾上下气道:CRSwNP合并哮喘患者有了新选择
慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)患者常受鼻塞、鼻息肉增大困扰,合并哮喘时生活质量受损更严重,且重度哮喘患者中CRSwNP发生率达50%。
WAYPOINT研究显示,特泽利尤单抗治疗52周后,无论是否合并哮喘,重度CRSwNP患者的鼻息肉均能缩小、鼻塞症状明显改善;合并哮喘的患者还能同步改善哮喘控制,且哮喘急性发作率(0.5%)远低于安慰剂组(5.9%)。

三、慢阻肺新探索:精准靶向治疗添新证
特泽利尤单抗在中重度慢阻肺领域的探索也有新进展。COURSE系列研究显示,与安慰剂相比,它能降低慢阻肺患者急性发作发生率,尤其基线血嗜酸性粒细胞计数较高的患者效果更明显。
同时,患者生活质量评分有数值改善,2型炎症生物标志物水平降低,且无论是否合并慢性支气管炎,都能减少急性发作次数,为慢阻肺精准靶向治疗添新证。
TIPS: 目前该药国内尚未上市,特泽利尤同靶点项目Ⅲ期临床招募中,60周用药,临床在三甲医院开展,用药均不收费,补贴9000左右
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参考文献:
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[2].N. L. Lugogo, et al. Improvements in Asthma Exacerbations, Lung Function, Asthma Control and Health-related Quality of Life After Tezepelumab Initiation in Patients With Severe Asthma: Interim Results From the US Phase 4 PASSAGE Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2025;211:A5024.
[3].D. J. Jackson, et al. Tezepelumab Reduces and Eliminates OCS Use in OCS-Dependent Patients With Severe Asthma: Primary Results From the Phase 3b WAYFINDER Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2025;211:A5231.[4].任媛媛,等.中国中西医结合耳鼻咽喉科杂志,2023,31(02):85-89.[5].陈玉洁,等.中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,2021,28(04):245-249.[6].M. Desrosiers, et al. Efficacy of Tezepelumab on Upper and Lower Airway Outcomes in Adults With Severe, Uncontrolled Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps in Patients With and Without Comorbid Asthma: Results From the Phase 3 Waypoint Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2025;211:A5547.[7].M. K. Han, et al. Effect of Tezepelumab on Exacerbations in Patients With Moderate to Very Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Based on Inclusion or Exclusion of Antibiotic Use in the Definition of Moderate Exacerbations: Data From the Phase 2a COURSE Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2025;211:A4026.[8].G. J. Criner, et al. Improvements in St George's Respiratory Questionnaire Domain Scores With Tezepelumab Versus Placebo in Patients With Moderate to Very Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results From the Phase 2a COURSE Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2025;211:A4031.[9].D. Singh, et al. Effect of Tezepelumab on Inflammatory Biomarker Levels and on Exacerbation Rates by Baseline Inflammatory Biomarker Levels in Patients With Moderate to Very Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results From the COURSE Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2025;211:A7684.[10].D. J. Maselli, et al. Efficacy of Tezepelumab in Patients With Moderate to Very Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease With and Without Chronic Bronchitis: Phase 2a COURSE Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2025;211:A1014.
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